Exército do Líbano Livre (, Jayish Lubnan al-Horr, ) ou "Exército do Coronel Barakat" (, Jayish Barakat, ) foi uma facção dissidente predominantemente cristã do exército libanês que desempenhou um papel importante na fase de 1975-1977 da Guerra Civil Libanesa.
Origens O Exército do Líbano Livre começou a ser estabelecido em 23 de janeiro de 1976, em Beirute, pelo coronel libanês Antoine Barakat, que declarou lealdade ao então presidente libanês Suleiman Frangieh. El-Kazen, The Breakdown of the State in Lebanon (2000), p. 333.Barak, The Lebanese Army – A National institution in a divided society (2009), p. 104. Um maronita da cidade natal de Frangieh, Zgharta, Barakat levantou-se com as tropas do Comando de Beirute (cerca de 700 soldados)Jureidini, McLaurin, and Price, Military operations in selected Lebanese built-up areas (1979), Introduction, p. 1. em resposta à rebelião do tenente Ahmed Al-Khatib dois dias antes à frente do separatista Exército Árabe Libanês.Rabinovich, The war for Lebanon (1989), p. 72.Barak, The Lebanese Army – A National institution in a divided society (2009), pp. 100-101. Outro oficial, o chefe da guarnição de Jounieh, Major Fouad Malek, apoiou a facção liderada por Barakat, assim como o Major Saad Haddad, comandante da guarnição de Marjayoun no sul do Líbano. Kechichian, The Lebanese Army: Capabilities and Challenges in the 1980s (1985), p. 20. Essas três formações foram integradas ao "Exército do Líbano Livre", cuja criação foi formalmente anunciada em 13 de março de 1976 pelo Coronel Barakat no Quartel Shukri Ghanem no distrito de Fayadieh, no leste de Beirute. Hokayem, L'armée libanaise pendant la guerre: un instrument du pouvoir du président de la République (1975-1985) (2012), p. 29.
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Referências
Alain Menargues, Les Secrets de la guerre du Liban: Du coup d'état de Béchir Gémayel aux massacres des camps palestiniens, Albin Michel, Paris 2004. Beate Hamizrachi, The Emergence of South Lebanon Security Belt, Praeger Publishers Inc., New York 1984. Edgar O'Ballance, Civil War in Lebanon, 1975–92, Palgrave Macmillan, London 1998. Éric Micheletti and Yves Debay, Liban – dix jours aux cœur des combats, RAIDS magazine n.º41, October 1989 issue. Farid El-Kazen, The Breakdown of the State in Lebanon 1967-1976, I. B. Tauris, London 2000. – Itamar Rabinovich, The war for Lebanon, 1970-1985, Cornell University Press, Ithaca and London 1989 (revised edition). , 0-8014-9313-7 – Joseph A. Kechichian, The Lebanese Army: Capabilities and Challenges in the 1980s, Conflict Quarterly, Winter 1985. Joseph Hokayem, L'armée libanaise pendant la guerre: un instrument du pouvoir du président de la République (1975-1985), Lulu.com, Beyrouth 2012. , 1291036601 – Moustafa El-Assad, Civil Wars Volume 1: The Gun Trucks, Blue Steel books, Sidon 2008. N.R. Jenzen-Jones & Damien Spleeters, Identifying & Tracing the FN Herstal FAL Rifle: Documenting signs of diversion in Syria and beyond, Armament Research Services Pty. Ltd., Australia, August 2015. – Oren Barak, The Lebanese Army – A National institution in a divided society, State University of New York Press, Albany 2009. – Paul Jureidini, R. D. McLaurin, and James Price, Military operations in selected Lebanese built-up areas, 1975-1978, Aberdeen, MD: U.S. Army Human Engineering Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Technical Memorandum 11-79, June 1979. Philipe Naud, La Guerre Civile Libanaise - 1re partie: 1975-1978, Steelmasters Magazine, August–September 2012, pp. 8–16. Rex Brynen, Sanctuary and Survival: the PLO in Lebanon, Boulder: Westview Press, 1990. – Robert Fisk, Pity the Nation: Lebanon at War, London: Oxford University Press, (3rd ed. 2001). – Samer Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon, Beirut: Elite Group, 2003. Samer Kassis, Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon 1975-1981, Trebia Publishing, Chyah 2012. Steven J. Zaloga, Armour of the Middle East Wars 1948-78, Vanguard series 19, Osprey Publishing Ltd, London 1981. Thomas Collelo (ed.), Lebanon: a country study, Library of Congress, Federal Research Division, Headquarters, Department of the Army (DA Pam 550-24), Washington D.C., December 1987 (Third edition 1989). – Tony Badran (Barry Rubin ed.), Lebanon: Liberation, Conflict, and Crisis, Palgrave Macmillan, London 2010. Zachary Sex & Bassel Abi-Chahine, Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, From 1975 to 1991 and Beyond, Modern Conflicts Profile Guide Volume II, AK Interactive, 2021. ISBN 8435568306073
Leitura adicional
Denise Ammoun, Histoire du Liban contemporain: Tome 2 1943-1990, Fayard, Paris 2005. – Leila Haoui Zod, William Haoui, temoin et martyr, Mémoire DEA, Faculté d'Histoire, Université Saint Esprit, Kaslik, Liban 2004. Jean Sarkis, Histoire de la guerre du Liban, Presses Universitaires de France - PUF, Paris 1993. Samir Kassir, La Guerre du Liban: De la dissension nationale au conflit régional, Éditions Karthala/CERMOC, Paris 1994. William W. Harris, Faces of Lebanon: Sects, Wars, and Global Extensions, Princeton Series on the Middle East, Markus Wiener Publishers, 1997. , 1-55876-115-2
Categoria:Facções da Guerra Civil Libanesa